March 29, 2026
  • earthing-grounding

    Could Lack of Grounding Be an Underlying Factor in Most Chronic Disease?

    The Earth is the natural antidote for electron deficiency and can provide you with an infinite flow of electrons through grounding, also known as “Earthing.” For thousands of years, Eastern civilizations have used forms of energy medicine to unblock and regulate energy channels in the body. For example, acupuncture has a long history of success in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The West has been slow to embrace energy medicine, holding a more biochemical view of the human body, as opposed to “the body electric.” Hold a stethoscope to your body and you’ll hear a lot of electrical chatter. Your nervous system communicates using electricity (i.e., movement of electrons), receiving and transmitting electrical signals throughout your body. Most of your biological processes are electrical. Most people in the medical world have no background whatsoever in the electrical world.

    • Could Bacterial Flagella Solve Global Environmental and Energy Issues

      Could Bacterial Flagella Solve Global Environmental and Energy Issues?

      The brain of a small fruit fly uses energy in the micro-watts for complex flight control and visual information processing to find and fly to food. I don’t think a supercomputer could yet simulate what the fruit fly brain does even while using megawatts of energy. The difference of over ten orders of magnitude and the level of energy used is an indication of just how incredible biological systems are. It even exists in bacteria. The flagellar motor and protein export apparatus use proton motive force, or mechanisms that utilize the flow of protons at extremely small energy, close to the thermal noise level.

      • brocolli-benefits

        Health Benefits of Green Peas and Broccoli

        A compound in broccoli, glucosinolate, produces a metabolite called sulforaphane that is responsible for many of broccoli’s health-promoting properties. Sulforaphane has been shown to have anti-diabetic and antimicrobial properties, and also kills cancer stem cells, which strikes to the heart of tumor malignancy. It can also significantly improve your blood pressure and kidney function, among other benefits.

        • coca-cola-rd

          Dietitians for Professional Integrity Expose Corporate Sponsorship of Nutrition Group by Processed Food Industry

          If you are a professional Registered Dietitian and oppose the corporate processed food companies sponsorship of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND), there is a group on Facebook you can join: Dietitians for Professional Integrity. The Facebook group is very active, exposing front groups and corporate sponsors that influence the AND, promoting junk food as nutritious. The AND and other policy groups influence nutrition advice in schools and hospitals across our the U.S., so it is important to understand how these groups have been taken over by companies that market processed foods, such as Coke, Pepsi, McDonald’s, and others who want their products labeled as “nutritious.”

          • 10 Facts About Fluoride You Need to Know

            10 Facts About Fluoride You Need to Know

            If fluoride is really the panacea for dental disease that it’s been portrayed as, then why is it that the United States is one of the only developed countries that fluoridates their citizens’ drinking water? Hint: It’s not because the other countries aren’t aware of fluoride’s supposed “miracle” powers for your teeth … it’s because they fully realize that adding a known poison to your population’s water supply is probably not a good idea.

            • earthing-grounding

              Are You Well-Grounded? Studies Show "Earthing" Improves Health

              Have you heard of the concept of “grounding” or “earthing” and wondered if there were any facts to back up the health claims? Well two recent studies, one from last year and one here in 2013, suggest that there is some science behind the health claims surrounding the concepts of “grounding” or “earthing.”

              • organic labeling vs. GMO labeling

                Biotech Exec Talks About "Unsustainable" Politics, but How About Unsustainable Food??

                U.S. GMO food labeling drive has biotech industry biting back – New efforts to force labeling of foods made with genetically modified crops, including a bill introduced by U.S. lawmakers Wednesday, have struck a nerve with biotech crop developers who say they are rushing to roll out a broad strategy to combat consumer concerns about their products.

                • iStock_000006541794XSmall-300x199

                  Can Homeopathy Be Both a Useless Placebo and Dangerous at the Same Time?

                  A recent report published in the International Journal of Clinical Practice claimed to do a systematic review of all adverse event reports (AERs) in connection with homeopathy from 1978 to 2010. On the one hand, the report concluded that homeopathy is ineffective because it has no active ingredients, that it is nothing more than a placebo because it has been diluted so much that “the likelihood of a single molecule approaches zero.” On the other hand, the report also concluded that homeopathic preparations caused many dangerous allergic reactions.

                  • Dan Brown Blue Hill

                    Judge Rules Against Maine Food Sovereignty Ordinance in First Test Case

                    Maine’s food sovereignty movement took a hit when a state judge ruled earlier this week that farmer Dan Brown must have a license to sell raw milk, despite his town’s ordinance exempting local farmers from state food regulations. The State of Maine has spent considerable time prosecuting a farmer with only 2 cows for over 2 years for selling raw milk without a license, even though nobody ever complained or suffered from his milk. This ruling puts Farmer Dan out of business.

                    • Bee_In_Flower

                      Bee deaths: EU to ban neonicotinoid pesticides

                      There is great concern across Europe about the collapse of bee populations. Neonicotinoid chemicals in pesticides are believed to harm bees and the European Commission says they should be restricted to crops not attractive to bees and other pollinators. There have been a number of studies showing that the chemicals, made by Bayer and Syngenta, do have negative impacts on bees.

                      • Milk_in_metal_milk_can

                        Trial of Raw Milk Farmer in Wisconsin Seen as Pivotal Case for Food Rights

                        Now that a Wisconsin judge has rejected raw milk farmer Vernon Hershberger’s religious freedom arguments to justify having a witness testify on his behalf, his trial looks likely to go forward as scheduled beginning May 20. The reason the case is so important politically is that it isn’t just about whether Hershberger has the right to distribute food privately, it is about whether all of us have this right on either end of the equation–to distribute food privately or to contract with producers to obtain food privately.

                        • organic labeling vs. GMO labeling

                          GMO Labeling Bill Introduced in Congress

                          The bill has some teeth. The question is whether it has legs. The Genetically Engineered Food Right-to-Know Act was introduced last Wednesday in both the Senate and the House of Representatives.

                          • heat-map

                            Government Funded Phone App Tracks “Vaccine Refusers”

                            A new phone application called Vaccine Refused developed by the University of Iowa tracks – just as the name implies – vaccine refusals. The application is intended to be used by health professionals to report the location of the refusal, the vaccine refused, and patient demographics. The project’s main University of Iowa page clearly states the research is funded by the National Institutes of Health and by a contract from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Will these technologies be used to track you down and forcibly vaccinate you and your children?

                            • Has the CDC done a study on vaccinated vs unvaccinated children

                              Congressman Posey Introduces Bill Requiring Study of Autism Rate in Vaccinated vs. Unvaccinated

                              Congressman Posey won lots of applause from the autism community late last year during the Congressional hearing on autism. He grilled Dr. Boyle of the CDC on the issue of why there had never been a study conducted comparing vaccinated and unvaccinated children. He was also highly critical of the CDC’s use of public funds in studying the issue, and the fraud of Dr. Poul Thorsen over grant money. The Refusers is now reporting that Congressman Posey is taking the further step of introducing a bill requiring the study of vaccinated versus unvaccinated children. It is H.R. 1757, and Representative Carolyn Maloney is a co-sponsor at this point. I encourage everyone to contact their representative in Congress and have them co-sponsor and support this bill.

                              • child-vaccine

                                Is the Measles Vaccine the CAUSE of Measles Outbreak in Pakistan?

                                “He said that there was an urgent need to study the epidemiology of the disease, as more than 50 per cent of the children brought to the hospital were those who had already been vaccinated against measles.”

                                • maryanne-godboldo-swat

                                  How a Homeschool Mom Fought Back Against CPS and Won Her Daughter Back

                                  Maryanne Godboldo and Allison Folmar are extraordinary women. Their names may not elicit immediate recognition by the masses but it is because of their belief in the right of parents—not the state—to decide whether to medicate a child, that their struggle will protect thousands of children who otherwise would have become victims of deeply flawed State Child Protective Services policies.

                                  • Russian diplomats from San Franciso

                                    Tables Turned? Russia Complains of Human Rights Abuse in the U.S. with CPS Case in Sacramento

                                    A hearing that was scheduled for Monday morning in a Sacramento court room for the case of Child Protection Services (CPS) forcibly removing an infant from Russian parents was delayed past lunch after it was reported that two judges had already declined to preside over the case. The case has drawn international attention due to the fact that the Russian media is reporting that the couple are dual citizens of both Russia and the U.S. A judge finally ruled in favor of the parents Monday afternoon.

                                    • Scientist-writing-on-transp.-board

                                      Autism’s False Scientists

                                      The science behind claims that autism has no association with vaccines is false. While this pseudo science is promoted, the autism rate keeps growing. The vaccine manufacturers are shielded from risk while lives are devastated … and the fake science goes on to support this regime.

                                      • Police-officer-knocking-on-front-door

                                        “Police State” Registry System Being Set Up to Track Your Vaccination Status

                                        The Centers for Disease Control has been quietly rolling out a nationwide program called the Immunization Information Systems (IIS), registering your vaccine information into a database. This effort has been run in parallel with state vaccine registry implementations. The CDC has openly stated that vaccine registries are a tool to identify areas of ‘undervaccination’ so that they can be ‘addressed’ and brought into ‘compliance.’

                                        • Gardasil infographic

                                          HPV Vaccine Linked to Rare Disease with No Known Cure

                                          Kirstie was only 12 years old when she was diagnosed with a rare disorder for which there is no known cure, Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP). This happened just a little over a month after her second injection of Gardasil. She will live with this disorder for the rest of her life. Unfortunately, she is not alone. Since Gardasil was approved for use in the United States, there have been 682 reports of ITP after vaccine administration. 126 of these reports occurred after HPV vaccines. If all vaccines carried equal risk, there should only be 18 reports of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura after HPV vaccine use.

                                          • Overruled: Government Invasion of your Parental Rights

                                            Overruled: Government Invasion of your Parental Rights

                                            “Overruled” is a shocking 35-minute docudrama that exposes how the rights of parents in America are being eroded and what you can do to turn the tide.

                                            • Desperate Homeschooling Parents Plead for Help for Son Abducted by Swedish Authorities

                                              Desperate Homeschooling Parents Plead for Help for Son Abducted by Swedish Authorities

                                              Annie and Christer Johansson’s appeal to the Supreme Court of Sweden may be their last hope to see their son again. They haven’t seen him in nearly three years. The family was on board Turkish Air Flight 990 on June 25, 2009 when their 7-year-old son Domenic was snatched from them by armed Swedish police. The police were ordered to seize the boy based on the fact that he had been homeschooled, even though school had already ended for the year. The family was moving permanently to India, Annie’s home country.

                                              • Alex and Anna Nikolayev with Baby

                                                CPS Assaults Father and Snatches Baby from Mother After Doctor Discharges Baby from Hospital

                                                This couple did everything right in caring for their baby, seeking the medical treatment he needed. When one hospital was negligent in their patient care endangering their child, they removed him from that hospital and took him to a different hospital, where he was discharged by a physician and cleared to return home. But apparently the first hospital reported the family to CPS, and CPS came with police to the family’s home, and allegedly removed the baby from the mother’s arms after assaulting the husband to get his keys and enter the home, without a warrant.

                                                • Portland Fluoridation Clean Water

                                                  Portland Seeks to Join Hundreds of Other Communities in Rejecting Forced Water Fluoridation

                                                  In May 2013, residents of Portland Oregon will seek to join hundreds of other communities who have taken action to reject forced fluoridation of their water supply.

                                                  • vaccine-Syringe-And-Ampoules

                                                    National Institute Halts HIV Vaccine Trial After Vaccine Found to Increase Rate of HIV

                                                    The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases hated its HIV Vaccine Trials Network 505 “because it wasn’t working.” The trial demonstrated that the vaccine induced HIV infection rather than prevent it!

                                                    • Glyphosate-on-Modified-Monsanto-Logo

                                                      Glyphosate: World's Top Weed Killer May Kill You Too According to New Study

                                                      Glyphosate is assumed to be safe for humans. As a result, it’s become the world’s best-selling herbicide. However, a groundbreaking study documents that it may actually be fueling the plague of chronic & immune diseases, including cancer and autism. This study documents the underlying systemic damage produced by glyphosate, then discusses how that damage leads to specific diseases.

                                                      • confined-chickens

                                                        At Chicken Plants, Chemicals Blamed for Health Ailments are Poised to Proliferate

                                                        When Jose Navarro landed a job as a federal poultry inspector in 2006, he moved his wife and newborn son to a rural town in Upstate New York near the processing plant, believing it was a steppingstone to a better life. Five years later, Navarro was dead. The 37-year-old’s lungs had bled out. Under new proposed rules, which could be finalized as soon as this summer, the number of chemical treatments used on the birds is also likely to increase further, according to agency documents and USDA inspectors.

                                                        • African-Farmer

                                                          Permaculture Can Help Farmers Produce More Food

                                                          Small-scale farmers produce food for 70% of the global population. Yet, they are some of the world’s poorest and most food insecure people. Alternatives to conventional farming should be embraced to improve subsistence farmers’ yields and to ensure adequate food production for the growing global population. The stark reality, according to the International Food Policy Research Institute, is that the world needs to produce more food with fewer resources.

                                                          • Canadian Government Destroys Heritage Sheep Herd and Wants to Send Farmer to Prison

                                                            Canadian Government Destroys Heritage Sheep Herd and Wants to Send Farmer to Prison

                                                            A single sheep sold in 2007 died on a farm more than 1,500 miles away. It tested positive for a disease called scrapie. Scrapie is a prion disease in the same category as “mad cow” disease. However, unlike mad cow, scrapie is not transmissible to humans. Its impact on sheep farms is financial: infected sheep tend to lose wool, produce fewer lambs, and die young. The CFIA conducted live biopsies on Montana’s flock during 2011. All were negative for disease. None showed any symptoms of illness. But the CFIA said the live tests were only 88% accurate. They would need to kill the sheep and dissect their brains to know for sure whether they were ill, they said. So in the end, that’s what they did, and now they are prosecuting Montana as well.

                                                            • sugar-300x225

                                                              Your Tax Dollars May Buy 400,000 Tons of Sugar to Keep Prices Artificially High

                                                              The US is the world’s largest sugar producer. The US Department of Agriculture makes loans every year to processors of domestically grown sugarcane and sugar beets. Over 50% of the sugar is from GMO sugar beets. Last October, sugar processors borrowed $862 million from the USDA. The loans did little to keep sugar prices high, however: they have fallen 18% since October. Sugar processors are afraid they’ll have to default on their loans, which could result in $80 million in losses to the USDA’s price support program. USDA is considering helping them out once again—this time by buying 400,000 tons of sugar, just so they can pay back their loan!

                                                              • Vaccination_needle

                                                                Researcher Honored for Work on Vaccine Autism Link

                                                                It is safe to say that in the last few years, researchers who dared question a vaccination policy or only mention vaccination and autism in the same sentence were certain to get a public and unrelenting flagellation. I was therefore overjoyed when the accomplishment of a distinguished researcher in that venue was recognized. It was certainly wonderful to hear that the Briloff Committee at Baruch College very recently awarded The Briloff Prize for 2012 to Dr. Gayle DeLong for her magnificent exposé titled “Conflicts of Interest in Vaccine Safety Research”.

                                                                • ban_gmo_salmon

                                                                  How will GMO Salmon Impact Human Health?

                                                                  Right now President Obama and bureaucrats at the Food and Drug Administration are preparing to unleash genetically engineered salmon on the market. After years of controversial regulatory review, this past week the Obama administration cleared a final hurdle for AquaBounty’s GMO salmon to be approved at any moment. The deadline for the comment period for GMO salmon is ending this Friday, April 26th, 2013. We need your help to get as many comments as possible, please make a comment and pass this on! Every voice counts!

                                                                  • ear_infection

                                                                    Oral Probiotic Reduces Ear and Throat Infections in Children and Adults

                                                                    Italian researchers have confirmed that a certain oral probiotic species significantly reduces ear infections, throat infections and tonsillitis among children and adults with recurring infections.

                                                                    • abusing ritalin adderall

                                                                      More Teens ‘Abusing’ Adderall/Ritalin—drugs in the same highly addictive class as cocaine, morphine & opium

                                                                      The United States appears to be in the throes of a prescription drug abuse crisis among teens, with a new survey showing that 24 percent of high school students — more than 5 million kids — have abused these medications. That’s a 33 percent increase from 2008. “The key here is that kids and often their parents are buying into the myth and misunderstanding that prescription drug abuse is a safer way to get high, a safer alternative to street drugs.” Where did teens get the idea that ADHD drugs are safer than street drugs? From the marketing they see every day on TV, on the internet and in their schools – falsely promoting ADHD as a “medical condition” and drugs as “medicine.”

                                                                      • Woman with flu or allergy

                                                                        How to Address Allergies and Asthma with Alternative Allergy Treatments

                                                                        If you’re one of the tens of millions of allergy sufferers in the US, know there is plenty you can do besides lining the pockets of the pharmaceutical industry.

                                                                        • VariousPills

                                                                          FDA Lets Drugs Approved on Fraudulent Research Stay on the Market

                                                                          The FDA in 2011 announced years’ worth of studies from a major drug research lab were potentially worthless, but it has not pulled any of the compounds from the market nor identified them.

                                                                          • Christ-healing-the-sick

                                                                            Who is Responsible for Providing Healthcare?

                                                                            What is real healthcare? Who is responsible for providing it? Today in the 21st century, if one were to walk into any church or place of worship where believers are gathered together in America and ask them this question: Who is responsible for providing your healthcare? What would be the response? Would they respond in a similar way that believers have always responded throughout the history of the Bible, a book which is the written record of God’s people and their faith in God?

                                                                            • coconuts

                                                                              Film to be Made of Father's Recovery from Alzheimer's with Coconut Oil

                                                                              “I lost my dad to Alzheimer’s five years ago and I thought I would never get him back,” said Rashi. “But somehow I have, and it’s the most amazing thing.”

                                                                              • organic-maple-syrup-16-oz-glass

                                                                                Maple Syrup's Health Benefits - Unique Antioxidants

                                                                                Five of the 54 antioxidants in maple syrup were identified for the first time in nature, and are unique to the natural sweetener.

                                                                                • GMO Infant Formula

                                                                                  Get GMOs out of Infant Formula

                                                                                  Many of the ingredients used in infant formula, especially soy-based formula, are derived from crops that have been genetically altered. Nobody should be eating GMO foods, especially babies. But until infant formula makers stop using GMO ingredients, hundreds of thousands of newborns and infants will be unwitting participants in this huge, uncontrolled experiment with the health of the next generation.

                                                                                  • What You See in the Toilet Can Give You Valuable Insights into Your Health

                                                                                    What You See in the Toilet Can Give You Valuable Insights into Your Health

                                                                                    Your bodily emissions are an important health topic that deserves serious attention, regardless of the “ick factor.” In fact, if you ignore what you deposit in your toilet, you could be flushing your health down the drain!

                                                                                    • Bee-covered-with-pollen-on-flower-by-Andreas

                                                                                      Colony Collapse Disorder Is a Fraud: Pesticides Cause Bee Die-Offs

                                                                                      The term, Colony Collapse Disorder, is fraudulent, designed to direct attention from the known cause. Agribusiness, the poison manufacturers making death-producing pesticides, is the other face of Big Pharma.

                                                                                      • Elderly_Hands_Holding_Pill

                                                                                        Elderly Patients Routinely Prescribed Risky Drugs

                                                                                        One in five seniors on Medicare in the South were prescribed medications that health authorities have specifically advised doctors to avoid giving to older patients because of their severe side effects, N.Y. Times is reporting.

                                                                                        • artisanal_cheese-300x300

                                                                                          FDA Wants to Ban Artisanal Raw Cheese

                                                                                          FDA simply ignores the lack of a single documented illness in twenty-three years. Between 1986 and 2008, there is not a single documented illness in the US from listeriosis due to tainted brie or camembert (soft cheeses).

                                                                                          • Parent of Two Children in Dr. Andrew Wakefield Lancet Study Speaks Out

                                                                                            Parent of Two Children in Dr. Andrew Wakefield Lancet Study Speaks Out

                                                                                            I, as a parent of two children in the Lancet study, have had to speak out about the vicious attacks on Dr. Andrew Wakefield by his own government, the US government and the media blaming him for the measles outbreak in Wales. It’s time the spotlight was turned on Dr. Salisbury.

                                                                                            • Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Report Cover

                                                                                              AND Responds to Dietitian GMO Whistleblower

                                                                                              The “media relations manager” for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics contacted us regarding the N.Y. Times story we featured: Registered Dietitian Dismissed from Panel Researching GMO Nutrition for Pointing out Other Members Ties to Monsanto. We are publishing their response unedited below, as well as the response from Ms. Bartolotto.

                                                                                              • coconut-oil-for-skin

                                                                                                Virgin Coconut Oil Bests Mineral Oil for Dermatitis

                                                                                                Virgin coconut oil is superior to mineral oil for lessening both the signs and symptoms of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in children and senile xerosis in elderly adults, according to findings from separate randomized controlled studies.

                                                                                                • statin

                                                                                                  Statins Might Make Your Heart Health Worse

                                                                                                  The biggest “sham” of all is that statin drugs, which millions are taking as a form of “preventive medicine” to protect their heart health, can have detrimental effects on your heart.

                                                                                                  • Doctor prepares vaccine for pregnant woman

                                                                                                    Should Pregnant Women Receive the Flu Vaccine?

                                                                                                    How many studies do you need to ascertain whether it is safe to inject mercury into a pregnant woman?

                                                                                                    • Aluminum-Eye-with-Skull-and-Crossbones-in-Pupil

                                                                                                      New Study Links Aluminum Adjuvants in Vaccines with Neurological Disorders

                                                                                                      Newly published research by Keele Conference scientists shows that aluminum adjuvant in vaccines transfers to the brain.

                                                                                                      • hallmark-vaccines

                                                                                                        Governors from 27 States Team up with Hallmark Greeting Cards to Increase Vaccination Rates

                                                                                                        One of the vaccination initiatives being used by twenty-seven states across the US is to send every new parent a “congratulations on the birth of your baby” card.

                                                                                                        • premature baby

                                                                                                          4,500 Premature Babies Sought as Guinea Pigs in NIH Experiments

                                                                                                          The primary endpoint of the newly uncovered current infant experiments–like that of the oxygen SUPPORT experiment–is listed as “death or severe disability.”

                                                                                                          • One Badge Farms-cows

                                                                                                            Nursing Mother Handcuffed and Dragged Off to Jail for Grazing Animals in Wrong Place

                                                                                                            Their family dinner was interrupted when some 15 law enforcement officers from Weld County showed up to handcuff and arrest Renee for an offense that had allegedly occurred several months earlier: “grazing animals in the municipal right of way.”

                                                                                                            • alaskan-salmon

                                                                                                              Wild Alaskan Salmon is a Powerhouse of Nutrition that May Help You Live Longer

                                                                                                              The reason we need omega-3 is because 95 percent of your cells’ membranes are made of fat. Without fats such as omega-3, your cells cannot function properly.

                                                                                                              • police_state_vaccine

                                                                                                                Vaccine Legislative Update: The Vaccine Police State is Knocking

                                                                                                                There are six vaccine bills in each of 30+ states that now either require more vaccines for more people or further restrict our right to refuse them.

                                                                                                                • media-censorship-vaccine-criticism

                                                                                                                  Advocating Retaliation Against Speaking Out on Vaccines

                                                                                                                  Australia is becoming a world leader in advocating punishment of those who disagree with the medical authorities and in forcing their treatments on those who would refuse.

                                                                                                                  • hospital_birth_mythology

                                                                                                                    The Myth of A Safer Hospital Birth for Low Risk Pregnancies

                                                                                                                    Is Hospital birth ever safer than homebirth for low risk women? The answer is an unequivocal ‘no’.

                                                                                                                    • saffron

                                                                                                                      Saffron: Ancient Healing Powers Confirmed by Science

                                                                                                                      Saffron has been documented to have been used as a versatile medicine since ancient times. Science today shows it can help with Alzheimer’s and other diseases.

                                                                                                                      • “You’re Not a Scientist.” Let’s Meme it!

                                                                                                                        "You're Not a Scientist." Let's Meme it!

                                                                                                                        In the world to come, only scientists and other cognoscenti will get to ask science-and-policy questions. The overly curious will be the first to find their backs against the wall.

                                                                                                                        • picture of doctor hands holding white pack and pills

                                                                                                                          Do Doctors Really Heal?

                                                                                                                          To answer the question “Do doctors really heal?” one must first define the term “health,” to understand what it is doctors are supposed to be restoring, and then we need to define the word “doctor.” The concept of “health” and the term “doctor” was understood very differently among the ancients in biblical times.